Toxicology

Poison → Antidote Reference

Quick-reference table of common poisons and their antidotes.

Poison / Toxin	Antidote	Notes
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)	N-acetylcysteine	Most effective < 8 h; use nomogram
Opioids	Naloxone	Titrate to respiration; short half-life — may re-dose
Benzodiazepines	Flumazenil	Caution: seizures if chronic use / co-ingestion
Organophosphates / carbamates	Atropine + Pralidoxime	Atropinise to dry secretions
Warfarin / coumarins	Vitamin K1 (± PCC / FFP)	PCC for major bleeding
Heparin	Protamine sulfate	1 mg per ~100 units heparin
Beta-blockers	Glucagon (± high-dose insulin)	Glucagon bypasses β-receptor
Calcium channel blockers	Calcium + high-dose insulin euglycaemia	IV calcium, HIET
Digoxin	Digoxin-specific Fab	For life-threatening toxicity / hyperkalaemia
Iron	Deferoxamine	For severe toxicity / high levels
Methanol / ethylene glycol	Fomepizole (or ethanol)	± haemodialysis
Cyanide	Hydroxocobalamin (± sodium thiosulfate)	Consider in smoke inhalation
Methaemoglobinaemia	Methylene blue	Avoid in G6PD deficiency
Isoniazid	Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)	Gram-for-gram with ingested INH
Sulfonylureas	Octreotide (+ dextrose)	Suppresses insulin release
Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity	IV lipid emulsion (20%)	Plus ACLS

Educational quick-reference only. Doses intentionally omitted — always consult your poison control centre and formulary before administration.